铝土矿海上运输安全风险研究综述

Overview of safety risk research on marine transportation of bauxite

基于易流态化固体散装货物的定义,将具有类似特性的铝土矿作为研究对象,通过梳理易流态化固体散装货物海上运输风险的研究现状,评述2类研究方法——船舶与海洋工程方法和系统安全工程方法,探讨货物含水量及其本质物理属性作为热点的研究脉络,研讨作为承载工具的船舶适装性及其稳性特征,论述自然环境对船舶和货物的影响,探究船舶营运的全过程风险,归纳了有关流态化机理的研究结论。铝土矿安全运输的研究和实践表明国际航运业对铝土矿船运时的流态化机理尚不清晰、研究方法不足、应对措施不强,展望未来应开展以下工作:健全铝土矿海上运输监管机制、强化铝土矿与散货船的耦合机理研究、开展铝土矿运输船舶营运的过程风险研究、推进铝土矿海运安全风险管理的智能化。

Based on the definition of solid bulk cargoes which may liquefy,the bauxite with the similar characteristics was taken as the research object. Through hackling the current status of research on marine transportation risk of solid bulk car-goes which may liquefy,two kinds of research methods including the ship and marine engineering method and the system safety engineering method were reviewed. The research context of taking the water content and the essential physical proper-ties of cargoes as the hotspot was studied,and the fitness and stability characteristics of ship as the carrying tool were dis-cussed. The influence of natural environment on the ship and cargo was expounded,then the whole process risk of ship oper-ation was explored,and the research conclusions about the fluidization mechanism were summarized. The research and prac-tice on safety transportation of bauxite showed that for the shipping of bauxite in the international shipping industry,the fluid-ization mechanism was not clear,the research methods were insufficient,and the countermeasures were not strong. Looking to the future,the following work should be carried out,such as improving the supervision mechanism on marine transportation of bauxite,strengthening the research on coupling mechanism of bauxite and bulk carrier,conducting the study on the process risk of bauxite carrier operation,and promoting the intelligence of safety risk management on marine transportation of bauxite.