钠离子固体电解质材料研究进展

Research progress on sodium ion solid-state electrolytes

钠离子电池因为其资源丰富、低成本的优势,越来越受到研究人员的关注。国内外多家企业已经将钠离子电池列入了发展计划,其产业化近在咫尺。与已经商业化的锂离子电池一样,目前钠离子电池大部分使用的是有机液体电解液,在提供高离子电导率的同时,也存在着电解液易泄露、易燃烧等安全性问题。固态电池采用固体电解质代替传统的有机液体电解液,拥有安全性能好、能量密度高等优点,是电动汽车和规模化储能理想的化学电源。在锂离子电池大力研究固态锂电池的同时,研究人员也在同步摸索着固态钠电池。钠电池的固体电解质材料主要有无机固体电解质Na-beta-Al_2O_3、NASICON型、硫化物、有机聚合物以及硼氢化物这几类。本文主要按照固体电解质类型评述了固体电解质材料的发展以及相应的固态钠电池研究进展。

Sodium ion batteries, owing to the advantage of abundant resources and low cost, have captured increasing attention in recent years. National and international companies both at home and abroad have listed sodium ion batteries on the development plan, demonstrating the industrialization in the near future. The same as commercialized lithium ion batteries, conventional organic liquid electrolytes are adopted in sodium ion batteries, providing high ionic conductivity, while also bringing the safety issue such as leakages, fire, ect. Solid-state batteries, using solid electrolyte instead of the traditional organic liquid electrolyte, are the ideal chemical power of electric cars and large-scale energy storage as they have enhanced safety performance and high energy density. The researchers are exploring the solid state sodium batteries and lithium batteries at the same time. The main solid state electrolytes for sodium batteries can be divided into beta-A1203, NASICON, sulfide, polymer and boron hydride. In this paper, according to the solid electrolyte type, the development of the solid electrolyte materials and the corresponding solid state sodium batteries are reviewed.