基于CO_2转化的碳材料制备及其在超级电容器中的应用

Supercapacitive application of carbon materials produced by CO_2 conversion

超级电容器是介于二次电池和传统电容器之间的新型能量存储器件,功率密度高、充放电效率高、循环寿命长且工作温度宽,具有广阔的市场前景。将CO_2气体转化为各种碳材料是近年来逐渐成长的新方法,有望成为制备碳基能源材料的绿色技术路线。本文以高性能碳基电极材料的设计策略为切入点,梳理了各类基于CO_2转化的碳材料制备技术的发展历程,包括直接燃烧法、高温镁热还原法和自蔓延高温合成法,并在此基础上深入讨论了基于CO_2转化的碳材料在超级电容器中的应用,最后针对性地展望了CO_2转化技术在碳材料制备及超级电容器构建中的发展方向。

Supercapacitors are energy storage devices which combine the advantages of secondary batteries and dialectical capacitors. Supercapacitors boast such characteristics as high power density, high charge/discharge efficiency, long cycle life and wide operation temperature. CO2 conversion into various carbon materials is recently developed and is considered as a promising technique towards green fabrication of carbon-based energy-storage materials. This review starts from different strategies for fabricating high-performance carbon-based electrodes, introduces the development of CO2 conversion methods, including direct combustion, high-temperature magnesiothermic reduction and self-propagating high-temperature synthesis, and then gives a detailed discussion of application of CO2-derived carbon in supercapacitors. At the end of this review, the prospect of CO2 conversion in production of carbon materials and fabrication of supercapacitors is given.