论民族商事习惯的法理特征

ON THE LEGAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ETHNIC COMMERCIAL CUSTOM

民族商事习惯来源于习惯,本质属性在于商事性,特殊属性在于民族性,既没有改变"习惯"本色,又没有改变商事属性,还没有改变传统特征;既重点突出"身份标志",又作为"习惯"和"民事(商事)习惯"的特殊标记,更成为民族习惯的升级版,以此区别于其他类型的习惯范畴。民族商事习惯的法理特征多种多样,习惯规则宏观展现其抽象法律特征,商事习惯提供其通用特征,民族习惯确立其特殊特征,诚信善良升级其道德特征,国际商事惯例借鉴出其类比特征,商事价值构筑其核心特征。所以,民族商事习惯可以提供特定的交易和裁判规则,提升民族商事交易效率,促进优化民族地区的和谐商事秩序。

Ethnic Commercial Custom （ECC） originates from the custom, its essential attribute lies in the commercial nature, and its special attribute lies in the ethnic nature. ECC has changed neither its color of ＂ custom＂ nor its commercial nature or traditional characteristics. It both highlights the ＂identity＂, and as spe- cial marks of ＂custom＂ and ＂civil （commercial） ＂ custom＂ , it will become upgraded version of ethnic custom so as to distinguish between other types of custom category. The paper comes up with the viewpoints as fol- lows： there are various kinds of legal characteristics of ECC, and the rules of custom macroscopically exhibit abstract legal features, commercial custom possesses general characteristics, ethnic custom establishes special characteristics, sincerity and goodness upgrade moral features, international commercial custom draws on some analogy features, and commercial value builds core characteristics. Therefore, ECC provides specific transac- tion and referee rules so as to promote the efficiency of ethnic business transactions and optimize harmonious business order in the ethnic areas.