消防射水对木材炭化痕迹的影响研究

Study on the Effect of Firefighting Water on Wood Carbonization Trace

木材是常用建筑材料,发生火灾后,木材炭化痕迹对火灾调查人员准确判定火灾蔓延方向和认定起火点起着至关重要的辅助证明作用。选择标准试验模拟箱来模拟室内火灾空间,利用油盘火,在不同火源距离和不同燃烧时间条件下,模拟一种杉木在单室受火焰作用下,不同射水方式对该木材炭化痕迹和炭化深度的影响,探讨不同射水方式对木材炭化痕迹的影响。与自然冷却相比,射水过后木材炭化痕迹表面灰化痕迹减少,裂缝变宽,裂纹形状弯曲变形无规则;木材表面炭化块凸起,边缘发生变化(上翘或者光滑向下);炭化块表面有许多细微的小裂纹,炭化表面比较有光泽,发亮。试验结果可以为火灾调查工作排除消防射水对木材炭化痕迹的影响,具有重要意义。

Wood is the common construction material. In case of fire,the wood carbonization trace can help fire investigators determine the direction of fire spreading and the point of fire origin. An experiment is designed with a fire set in an oil tray in a standard test simulation chamber in which the wood in the indoor fire compartment is affected by the fire. The purpose of this experiment is to study the effect of different water jetting methods on wood carbonization trace under the condition of different burning times and fire source distances. During the whole experiment,the focus is laid on the wood surface carbonization trace,and the depth of the carbonized level. Compared with natural cooling,the ash traces on the surface of carbonized wood are reduced after water jetting and the cracks are widened.The bending deformation of crack shape is irregular,and the carbonized block on wood surface is raised. The edge is changing（ cocking-up or smoothly downward）,and there are many fine small cracks on the surface of carbonized block. In addition,the surface of carbonization is glossy and shiny. The results shown in this paper can be used by fire investigators to exclude the effect of firefighting water on wood carbonization trace. In this sense,this experiment is of great significance.