酸性矿山废水的成因及源头控制技术

Origin and source control technologies of acid mine drainage

酸性矿山废水(Acid mine drainage,简称AMD)因产量大、形成时间跨度长、产源地分散等问题,成为世界各国矿山环境修复者们的最棘手问题之一.论文在介绍AMD成因的基础上,从阻止金属硫化物与空气的直接接触,抑制微生物的活性,降低铁的活度等方面着手,对覆盖法、杀菌剂法、表面钝化处理法及中和法等源头控制技术进行概述.并根据研究现状,指出覆盖层易劣化、杀菌剂效率受环境影响大、钝化剂需预氧化且种类少、中和剂掺和效率不高等问题,提出未来AMD的治理主要集中在开发新型高效绿色的杀菌剂、钝化剂等修复治理药剂,并从全局性考量将源头治理技术、水质水量监测、末端治理技术联合起来进行科学化治理.

The treatment of acid mine drainage（AMD） is difficult in environmental remediation process, due to its big yield, long formation time and dispersed place of production.This paper introduced sources and harms of AMD and summarized source control technologies, such as covering, fungicide, surface passivation and neutralizing treatment by separating metal sulphides from air, inhibiting microbial activity and reducing the activity of iron. However, these technologies had some disadvantages, such aseasy oxidation of covering material, fungicide efficiency affected by environment extremely, pre oxidation and limited species of passivation agent, low efficiency of mixed neutralizing agent.The future treatment of AMD will be focusing on developing new bactericide, passivation agent to carry out scientific treatment by combining technologies of source control, monitoring of water quality and quantity and end treatment.