三坐标测量机测量过程与误差探析

Analysis for Measurement Process and Error of Coordinate Measuring Machine

三坐标测量机是一种现代化自动检测设备,被广泛应用于机械、航空、军工、教育等行业,具有高精度、高效率、高稳定性等特点。其测量过程有严格的要求与规程,合理的测量方案流程设计能在一定程度上提高测量精度与效率。本研究对三坐标测量机测量过程的主要环节进行分析与讨论,如测量环境要求、测头校验、建立工件坐标系、工件位置摆放及采点个数与位置,另外,分析讨论了测量过程中产生的误差来源,主要包括方法误差、设备误差、人员误差、环境误差,并提出应对策略。实践证明,严格、合理的测量流程与误差分析是实现三坐标测量机高精度、高效率测量的重要保障。

Coordinate measuring machine is a kind of modern automatic testing equipment, which is widely used in the industries of machinery, aviation, military, education and so on. It has the characteristics of high precision, high efficiency, highly stability and so on. The strict requirements and reasonable measurement scheme can improve the measurement accuracy and efficiency to a certain degree. In this study, the main items of operation procedures for coordinate measuring machine, such as the environmental requirements during measurement, probe calibration, workpiece coordinate setting, workpiece position placement and sampling number and their positions, are analyzed and discussed. In addition, the error sources in the measurement process, such as method error, equipment error, personal error,environmental error are also discussed, and the relative strategies are also proposed to solve the errors. In practice, to keep the strict and reasonable measurement process, as well as to stick to error analysis, is an important guarantee for the realization of high accuracy and high efficiency measurement by the coordinate measuring machine.