氮肥与密度互作对红壤旱地秋芝麻的影响

Effect of nitrogen and density interaction on autumn sesame(Sesamum indicum L.) grown in upland red soil

为提高红壤旱地秋芝麻的产量、品质和氮肥利用率,以赣芝5号为供试品种,设3个密度(D_122.5万株/hm^2、D_230.0万株/hm^2、D_337.5万株/hm^2)和4个氮肥水平(N_00、N_152.5kg/hm^2、N_2105.0kg/hm^2、N_3157.5kg/hm^2),分别于2014年在江西省东乡县和2015年在进贤县进行田间小区试验,研究施氮量和种植密度对芝麻产量、品质及氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明,两年两地均表现为N_2条件下芝麻产量较N_0显著增加(分别增加49.82%和76.53%)。2014年东乡点D_3处理的芝麻产量较D_处理显著增加18.44%,但2015年进贤点较D_显著减少12.35%。随着氮肥用量的增加芝麻籽粒含油量呈现先增加后降低的趋势,蛋白质含量则呈现逐渐增加的趋势;施用氮肥显著减少了17.8%~20.0%的芝麻素含量,而对芝麻林素无显著影响。随着密度的增加芝麻单株蒴果数和千粒重都随之降低,而不同密度对芝麻品质无明显影响;N_2水平时,不同密度处理的氮肥农学利用率和偏生产力稳定在3.29~4.84和9.89~11.17kg/kg。综上所述,红壤旱地芝麻适宜氮肥用量为105kg/hm^2,进贤县及其周边区域的单秆型品种适宜密度为22.5万株/hm^2,而东乡县及其周边区域适宜密度为37.5万株/hm^2,能够达到高产优质的目的,值得在红壤旱地上大面积应用推广。

To improve autumn sesame yield,quality and nitrogen use efficiency on upland red soil,field trails were carried out to study the effects of nitrogen and plant density on autumn sesame. Sesame cultivar Ganzhi 5 was used under 3 density（D12. 25 × 105,D23. 00 × 105,D33. 75 × 105 plants per hectare） and 4 nitrogen levels（N00,N152. 5,N2105. 0,N3157. 5 kg per hectare） at Dongxiang and Jinxian counties of Jiangxi Province in 2014 and 2015 respectively. Results indicated that yield of D2 and D3were increased by 49. 82% and 76. 53%（compared to N0） under N2 in 2014 and 2015 respectively. Yield of D3 was significantly increased by 18. 44%（compared to D1） in 2014,but was significantly reduced by 12. 35%（compared to D1） in 2015. As nitrogen fertilizer usage increased,sesame oil content increased first,then decreased; protein content increased,and sesamin content reduced significantly by 17. 8%-20. 0%. As density increased,sesame capsule number per plant and 1000-seed weight reduced. Nitrogen agronomy efficiency and partial factor productivity efficiency maintained at 3. 29-4. 84 and 9. 89-11. 17 kg/kg under N2 treatment. In conclusion,D1 was optimum in Jinxian,D3 was optimum in Dongxiang,and N2 was optimum to all upland red soil.