硼肥与菜籽同播对油菜出苗、产量及硼肥表观利用率的影响

Effects of simultaneous sowing of boron fertilizer and rapeseeds on seedling emergence,yield and boron utilization efficiency

通过田间试验研究专用硼肥与油菜籽同播对油菜出苗、产量及硼肥表观利用率的影响,明确缺硼土壤油菜施用硼肥效果和确定硼肥适宜用量,为油菜籽与硼肥同播技术的推广提供依据。试验结果表明,以华油杂9号(H9)和华油杂62(H62)两个品种为例,在正常施硼条件下,油菜籽与硼肥同播不影响出苗,油菜出苗率均大于80%,与对照相比,H9不同施硼处理的出苗率提高了3.3~13.3个百分点,H62不同施硼处理的出苗率提高了1.7~15.3个百分点,适量硼肥(4.5~9.0kg·hm^(-2))有助于提高油菜出苗率。硼肥施用促进了油菜的生长,两个油菜品种均以硼砂(含B12%)用量为13.5kg·hm^(-2)的籽粒产量最高,通过方程拟合得出H9和H62最高产量下的硼肥用量分别为13.4kg·hm^(-2)和10.1kg·hm^(-2)。利用种肥同播方式施肥,能够明显提高硼肥表观利用率,H9的硼肥表观利用率均高于H62,说明H9对硼的利用更高,两个品种在硼肥用量为13.5kg·hm^(-2)时的硼肥表观利用率分别为26.5%和23.1%。综合结果表明,专用硼肥与油菜籽同播对油菜生长没有产生负面影响,可以进行推广应用。在土壤严重缺乏硼条件下(有效硼含量<0.25mg·kg^(-1))的硼肥适宜推荐用量为10~13.5kg·hm^(-2)。

To simplify the rapeseed cultivation,simultaneous operation of seed sowing and boron fertilizer application was studied in field using 2 cultivars（Huayouza 9 and Huayouza 62） of Brassica napus L. Results showed that simultaneous sowing of rapeseeds and boron fertilizer had no negative effect on seed emergence under the normal boron application. The emergence rate were all over 80% with both H9（Huayouza 9） and H62（Huayouza 62）. Compared with control,simultaneous operation increased 3. 3-13. 3（H9） and 1. 7-15. 3（H62） percentage points on the emergence rate respectively. The proper amount of boron was between 4. 5 to 9. 0kg·hm-2. Moreover,simultaneous operation promoted seedling growth. Boron 13. 5kg·hm-2led to the highest yield. By equation fitting,the optimum boron amounts were 13. 4kg·hm-2and 10. 1kg·hm-2to H9 and H62 respectively. Boron utilization efficiency was also improved. Under 13. 5kg·hm-2boron fertilizer,H9 had higher use efficiency（26. 5%） than that of H62（23. 1%）. These results indicated that the simultaneous method could be used in rapeseed production. Under boron starvation（≤0. 25mg·kg-1） area,the recommendation boron fertilization rate was 10-13. 5kg·hm-2.