抑郁障碍的核心特征与治疗

Core symptoms and treatment of depressive disorder

抑郁障碍主要包括重性抑郁障碍、持续性抑郁障碍、经前期烦躁障碍、破坏性心境失调障碍,该组障碍的共同特征是悲伤、空虚或易激惹的心境。重性抑郁障碍以心境低落、兴趣丧失为主要表现,患病率为7%。持续性抑郁障碍指慢性的抑郁心境,要求2年内半数以上时间存在悲伤、沮丧的心境。经前期烦躁障碍的患者在月经前1周开始严重抑郁、易激惹、紧张,症状随月经来潮而逐渐减轻、消失。破坏性心境失调障碍的核心特征是慢性的、严重而持续的易激惹,诊断对象为6~18岁儿童或青少年。抑郁障碍的治疗方法包括药物治疗、心理咨询和电休克治疗等。

Depressive disorders include major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder, premenstrual dysphoric disorder and disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. The common feature of depressive disorders is the presence of sad, void, or irritable mood. The main manifestations of major depressive disorder are depressed mood or loss of interest, which prevalent is 7% among the population. Persistent depressive disorder refers to a chronic depressive state, with sad or depressive mood presenting for more than half of the time over a period of two years. Patients with premenstrual dysphoric disorder suffer from severe depression, irritability and anxiety one week before the menstrual period starts, but symptoms gradually reduce and disappear with once menstruation begins. The core feature of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder is chronic and severe persistent irritability, which applies to children aged 6 to 18. Psychotropic medication, psychotherapy, and electroconvulsive therapy are methods of treating depressive disorders.