现代城市墓园植物造景研究——以北京天寿园和八宝山人民公墓为例

A Study of Plant Landscaping for the Cemetery in Modern City:A Case Study of Beijing Tianshou Cemetery and Babaoshan People's Cemetery

通过实地调查(2014—2015年)和文献资料分析法,文章以北京天寿园和八宝山人民公墓为研究对象,探讨现代城市墓园的园林植物造景特色。研究表明,两类墓园都大量运用松柏类植物,乡土植物也较多;不同的是天寿园植物造景特色是中西结合,景色优美,生态宜人,而八宝山人民公墓植物造景特色是简洁、庄重。通过讨论,提出现代城市墓园植物造景应在扩大现代城市生态空间的基础上以整个墓区及其周边的三维空间为画布、以园林植物和自然景观为立意及色彩元素、以植物景观设计为画笔、以中国传统殡葬文化为画魂,建设生态墓园、文化墓园。

The paper took Beijing Tianshou Cemetery and Babaoshan People＇s Cemetery as the cases to study the characteristics of cemeteries plant landscape in modern city using field survey from 2014-2015 and literature review.The results showed many pine and cypress trees and native plants are planted in the two cemeteries. Tianshou Cemetery,an integration of Chinese and Western styles,boasts beautiful scenery and good ecological environment,while Babaoshan People＇s Cemetery has simple and solemn plant landscape. After discussion,we suggested that the plant landscape of modern cemetery would continue the modern ecological spaces to construct ecological and culture grave yards by taking the three dimensional space of the cemetery and its surrounding area as the canvas,garden plants and natural landscape as conception and color elements,plant landscape design as painting brush and Chinese traditional funeral culture as painting soul.