一山一宁的身份认同与日本建构的“中国”

On the Relevance of Yishan Yining's Identity to Yuan-Japan Bilateral Requirements of “China”

一山一宁以中国(元代)信使的身份赴日诏谕,然而日本"终未通元",并坚信一山来自"万人杰"的"宋地"。由一山政治身份的失效可知,当时日本视角下的"中国"面目与"中国"概念正在发生微妙的转变。基于此,本文从一山的身份叙述(元僧/宋僧)出发,重新检视日本的"中国"建构的问题,以及与之对应的日本上层社会文化背景与动机,并指出文化想象中的"中国"充满了日本上层社会眼中的他性。日本在一山身上找寻汉文明,这是基于先行的汉文学"意识"而得以存在的。它追溯的不是现实中的"中国",而是某种先验的"中国"概念。可以说,这种追溯与建构的过程是日本特意形塑自己处于东亚位置的另一种视角。

Yishan Yining finally didn＇t finish his diplomatic mission as a Yuan envoy to restore the relations between the Yuan government and Japanese authorities, who had firmly convinced him to come from Song, a glorious country with abundant outstanding talents. From the invalidation of Yishan＇s political identity, there is a revealing fact that the features and concept of＂China＂have been changing subtly from the bilateral perspectives of Yuan and Japan. Based on the identity of Yishan（Yuan monk or Song monk）, the paper tries to reexamine Japan＇s construction of＂China＂as well as the corresponding cultural background of the Japanese upper class, thus pointing out that the otherness of the Japanese upper class is full of a cultural imagination of＂China＂. Japan tries to look for Han civilization from Yishan, whose existence is based on the consciousness of antecedent Chinese literature. Therefore, it traces a certain transcendent concept of＂China＂rather than＂China＂in reality, which has a vital significance for the confirmation of identity, as well. To some extent, the process of＂looking at each other＂provides another perspective to reflect on positions in East Asia.