广州市青中年养老意愿及影响因素研究

A study on pension intention and influencing factors among the youth and the middle-aged people in Guangzhou

目的了解广州市青中年人群的养老意愿及对家中老年人养老的安排意向,为探讨符合民众养老意愿的养老模式、营造与养老意愿相匹配的养老环境提供参考。方法 2016年2~6月采取方便抽样的方法,在广州市海珠区、越秀区和荔湾区对251名青中年(15~59岁)自身养老意愿、对老人赡养方式的选择及影响因素进行问卷调查。计数资料分析采用χ2检验,多因素分析采用非条件Logistic回归模型。结果约84%(211人)的青中年人选择家庭或居家养老。不同性别、年龄段青中年人在养老意愿的选择方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而独生子女、年老时不愿与子女共同居住、养老费用自我负担能力较高、与社区关系不密切是选择机构养老的关键性因素(P<0.05)。在对家中老人的养老意向方面,独生子女因素及对养老机构费用负担水平相对较高是选择机构养老的主要原因(P<0.05),而在选择机构养老的条件方面,最在意的条件是养老机构的信誉及老人在机构的娱乐生活是否丰富(P<0.05)。结论依托社区的居家养老或养老金家庭养老是青中年未来选择的主流养老模式,政府在未来养老模式的构建上,需侧重于积极创造居家养老及家庭养老所需的社会服务条件,为现有老年人或即将步入老年期的"未来"老年人提供符合自身养老意愿的配套支持。

Objective To explore the pension intentions of the youth middle-aged people in Guangzhou and their willingness for their elders′ pension arrangements, in order to provide basis for creating a pension environment in line with the will of the elderly in the future. Methods The pension intention and the influencing factors were investigated among 251 people aged 15-59 years, who were conveniently sampled in Haizhu District, Yuexiu District and Liwan District in Guangzhou from February to June 2016. Enumeration data was analyzed by Chi Square test. Multivariate analysis was performed by using unconditional Logistic regression model. Results About 84%（211 cases） respondents prefered old in place. One-child, unwilling to live together with their own children, more affordable to pension costs,and not intimate community relations were factors which impacted their own pension intention among the youth and the middle-aged people（P〈0.05）, but not gender, age differences（P〈0.05）. One-child, relatively high capability of pension cost, nursing facilities′ reputation and rich entertainment lives in nursing facilities were factors which impacted the willingness for their elders′ pension arrangements（P〈0.05）. Conclusion Home endowment or family endowment is preferred by the youth and middle-aged people. The government should focus on creating social services matching with the needs of different pension models for different people.