司马迁文献学思想考论

A Study on the Philological Thought of Sima Qian

司马迁的文献学思想除了体现在他对文献的辑佚、辨伪和目录学成就,还应包括司马迁对历史文献的研究和利用。作者认为"究天人之际,通古今之变,成一家之言"是司马迁对自己文献学思想的概括。"究天人之际"是指司马迁利用历史文献材料研究天人关系,"通古今之变"是指利用文献研究历史发展的规律,这是作为史官的司马迁必须要阐述的两大问题,而"成一家之言"则体现了司马迁著录《史记》这部历史文献所要达到的目的。

Sima Qian＇s philological thought should include Sima Qian＇s research and utilization of historical documents in addition to its achievements in compiling,discrimination and bibliography. The author believes that＂to study the relationship between nature and human,through out changes of historical process,to create historiography theory＂is the generalization of Sima Qian＇s own philological thought. ＂To Study the relationship between nature and human＂refers to Sima Qian using historical documents to study the relationship between heaven and man. ＂Through out changes of historical process＂refers to the use of documents on researching the law of history development. There are the two major issues Sima Qian explaining as a historian. ＂To create historiography theory＂reflects the purpose why Sima Qian wrote ＂Shi Chi＂.