论西汉时期巫的演变

Research on the Evolution of Witch in the Western Han Dynasty

西汉一朝,任职于官府的巫师已失去了商周时期崇高的地位,君权神授理论的成熟导致其社会政治地位逐渐降低,官方巫术活动受到了排斥;由于西汉与匈奴等少数民族长期交流的原因,少数民族的巫者进入了西汉官僚体系中并进行活动。而在民间,因为巫术解决了民众的信仰问题,所以巫术活动较活跃,巫师收入丰厚,巫师敛财成为普遍现象。虽然官府巫师地位下降,但是巫术被用在了宫廷斗争、军事战争中,成为了政治斗争的工具;西汉的多数学术文化也和巫相关联,可见巫的影响形式发生了变化。西汉时期从帝王到平民都崇信巫术,使得整个社会巫风盛行。

In the Western Han Dynasty,witches served in the official wizard has lost a lofty status in the Shang and Zhou dynasties,the maturity of the theory of divine right led to the social and political status gradually reduced,the official witchcraft activities are excluded; Later due to the Western Han Dynasty and Hun minority long-term exchanges,the minority of the Witch entered into the Western Han Dynasty in the bureaucratic system and activities. In the folk,because the magic solved the problem of the people＇s beliefs,witchcraft activities were more active,generous income led the witches become a universal phenomenon. Although the decline in official witch status,but the magic was used in a court fight,military war,and had become a tool for political struggle; Furthermore most of the academic culture of the Western Han Dynasty was associated with witchesand the visible form changed. During the Western Han Dynasty,from the emperor to the common people,advocating the witchcraft Chongxin was popular in the whole society.