英语提升动词与控制动词的句法差异

Syntactic Differences of Raising verbs and Control Verbs

生成语法把动词分为提升动词、控制动词等,它们有着本质的区别。即使这两类动词的句子表面形式上相似,但从生成语法的角度分析,它们的句法结构并不相同。而且,它们的赋格能力、论旨状况、虚主语、主被动转换、对成语的影响等方面也有很大的句法差异。与提升动词不同,控制动词后的空语类PRO不需要赋格;提升动词不能分派域外角色,但控制动词可以。此外还可以用是否允许移外变形来区别提升与控制动词。

According to generative grammar,verbs can be divided into raising verbs,control verbs and so on,and they are essentially different. Firstly,even if the two kinds of verbs are similar in sentence patterns,their syntactic structures are quite different from the aspect of generative grammar.Secondly,the differences between raising verbs and control verbs also include： different case assigning abilities,,theta condition,expletive subject,transformation from active voice to passive voice and influence on idioms. Different from raising verbs,PRO in the control verb sentence doesn＇t need to be assigned case. Besides,raising verbs can ＇t assign（ external theta role,while control verbs can. Furthermore,they can be distinguished according to whether they can be moved outside and changed forms.