放射影像技术在小儿气管及支气管异物诊断中的临床应用价值

Value of clinical application of radiographic technique in the diagnosis of tracheal and bronchial foreign bodies in children

目的观察分析放射影像技术在诊断小儿气管及支气管异物中的临床应用价值。方法选取我院2012年7月~2016年7月收治的160例小儿气管及支气管异物患者作为研究对象,根据放射影像技术检查方法的不同分为对照组和观察组,各80例。对照组使用普通X线检查,观察组使用螺旋CT扫描检查。比较两组的气管及支气管异物检出率以及异物征象检查结果。结果观察组的异物检出率为100.00%,高于对照组的82.50%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组的支气管阻塞检出率、纵隔位置变化检出率、肺炎检出率、肺气肿检出率以及肺不张检出率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论螺旋CT扫描检查与普通X线检查均在小儿气管及支气管异物临床诊断中具有良好效果,但相较于普通X线检查,螺旋CT扫描检查对小儿气管及支气管异物异物检出率更高,且在异物征象检查中对异物的大小、形态以及位置的判断更准确,值得推广。

Objective To observe and analyze the value of clinical application of radiographic imaging technique in the diagnosis of tracheal and bronchial foreign bodies in children.Methods Altogether 160 children with tracheal and bronchial foreign bodies who were treated in our hospital from July 2012 to July 2016 were selected as the observation objects of this study and divided into the control group and the observation groups according to the difference of radiographic imaging technique,80 cases in each group.The control group was given general X-ray examination,and the observation group was scanned by spiral CT.The detection rate of foreign body in trachea and bronchus and the result of foreign body sign were compared between the two groups.Results The tracheal and bronchial foreign body detection rate of the observation group was 100.00%,which was higher than that of the control group（82.50%）,with significant difference（P〈0.05）.The detection rate of bronchial obstruction,mediastinal position changes,pneumonia,emphysema and pulmonary atelectasis of the observation group was higher than that of the control group,with significant difference（P〈0.05）.Conclusion Both spiral CT scanning and conventional X-ray examination show good effect in the clinical diagnosis of tracheal and bronchial foreign body in children,however,in contrast with the conventional X-ray examination,spiral CT scanning detection has higher detection rate of pediatric tracheal and bronchial foreign body and more accurate determination in examination of foreign body signs,including the size,morphology and location of foreign objects,which is worthy of promotion.