“非遗”传承人群的“再教育”问题反思——以文化部“‘非遗’传承人群研修研习培训计划”为例

Rethinking on the Issue of “Re-education” of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Inheritors:Case Study of the Research and Study Training Program of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Inheritors of the Ministry of Culture

非物质文化遗产的传承发展依赖于传承人所掌握的独特技艺规范和知识体系。在传统社会向现代社会的转型中,这种经验式的知识体系呈现出守旧和滞后性,迫切需要一种现代转型。文化部主导的"‘非遗’传承人群研修研习培训计划"则是实现这种转型的重要方式之一。传承人群进入高校接受学院派的"再教育",体现的是民间和精英两种不同知识体系的碰撞和交流。"非遗"传承人群知识的更新、创作理念的变革是遗产发展所需,也是传承人群与时俱进的要求。"非遗"传承人群培训的终极目的应该是使其产生传承"非遗"的文化自觉和文化自信,从而推动"非遗"项目的发展和繁荣。

The transmission and development of intangible cultural heritage（ ICH） depends on the unique crafts norms and knowledge system held by the inheritors. During the transformation from a traditional society to a modern society,this experience-based knowledge system shows stereotype and stagnancy,requiring a modern transformation. The Research and Study Training Program of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Inheritors,directed by the Ministry of Culture,is one of the major measures to actualize this transformation. The re-education,which means the ICH inheritors are educated with academism in colleges and universities,reflects the collision and communication between folk and elite knowledge systems. The regeneration of the knowledge held by the ICH inheritors,as well as the revolution of the creation notion,is the needs of heritage development and the requirement for the ICH inheritors in a new era. The ultimate purpose of the training program for the ICH inheritors should be aiming at producing the cultural awareness and cultural confidence in the ICH transmission so as to promote the development and prosperity of ICH elements.