清代江南才媛烈妇诗传论析

Poems and Essays for Suttee Women from Talented Women of Jiang'nan in Qing Dynasty

清代烈妇文化氛围浓厚,深受烈妇文化熏陶的清代江南才媛必然会在文学创作中反映这种社会现实。她们创作了近30首(篇)烈妇诗、传。从这些烈妇诗、传中可以看出,婚龄短、无子女、生活无着等因素是造成清代烈妇殉夫的直接原因,借殉夫得到朝廷或地方政府旌表并扬名乡里是间接原因。清代江南才媛所赋烈妇诗传对象的身份无论是妻还是妾,也无论是否得到朝廷或地方政府的旌表,只要作者被烈妇事迹所感动,就将之入诗入传。烈妇诗、传所赋对象大多是作者同邑或近邑烈妇,而在清代,朝廷和地方政府大力提倡节烈,殉夫烈妇极有可能得到朝廷或地方政府的旌表并扬名乡里,这是江南才媛为烈妇赋诗、传的一个重要原因。

There was a thick chastity cultural atmosphere in Qing Dynasty, and the talented women who were deeply influenced by virgin culture in Jiang＇ nan, must reflect social reality in their literary compositions. They created nearly 30 poems and essays for suttee women. From the compositions, we can find the suttee women die for their death husbands directly because of short marriage, no kids, and being out on a limb, while be recognized by the court or local government and become famous in hometown is the indirect cause. Whether it be wife or concubine, whether it was recognized by the court or local government or not, as long as the author is touched by their deeds, talented women would write poems and essays for them, and most suttee women who were written in poems and essays are live in the writers ’ same cities or near cities. This is obviously the motivation of fish for fame for their hometown. It is also one of the reasons why the quantity of the work is not as large as expected.