人的存在的现象学之真理观——再读马克思《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》第2条

On the Truth View of the Phenomenology of Human Existence:Rereading the Second Point of Marx's Theses on Feuerbach

马克思在《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》第2条所确立的真理观,不是认识论的,而是存在论的。它只有从存在论维度上被领会,才能彰示其丰富内涵和马克思的独特贡献。在马克思那里,真理不过是人的存在本身的"祛蔽"。人的异己化意味着人的实存以扭曲的方式同人的本质相悖反,其典型表现就是意识形态。因此,马克思把意识形态批判作为终其一生的事业。当意识形态遮蔽被逻辑地和历史地超越之后,人的存在及其历史才能以本真性的方式显现,这便是真理的发生。人的存在的"祛蔽",也就是人的历史解放,它只有通过人的实践的批判才能实现。如此一来,哲学不再是哲学家头脑中或书房里的思辨活动,而是变成了人的存在的历史展现及其完成本身的反思形式。

The truth view established in the second point of Theses on Feuerbach by Marx is not epistemology, but ontology. It demonstrates Marx＇s abundant meanings and his unique contributions fully only being comprehended in the way of ontology. In Marx＇ s opinion, truth means elimination and rectification of human existence. The alienation of human being means the real existence of human being is paradoxical from its essence by the way of twisting, which is typically expressed by ideology. Therefore, Marx takes ideology criticism as his career in his lifetime. When shelter of ideology is beyond historically and logical-ly ,the existence and history of human being will be appeared authentically, and this means the occurrence of the truth. The elimination and rectification of human existence, which is the historical liberation of human being,could only be achieved by practical criticism. In this way,philosophy becomes the reflection of the historical emergence of human existence, rather than speculative activities in philosophers, brains or study room.