再谈项目管理在科技项目中的应用

Project Management Applied in Technological Projects

项目管理被引入科技管理领域以来,强化了科技项目的计划性和过程控制,取得了较好效果,但也导致一些科研攻关方向和进程被计划的阶段性进展所束缚,一定程度上抑制了科研人员的创新理念和自由创作。为更好地运用项目管理方法,需清醒认识项目管理和科技项目管理的异同,二者在管理本质、管理对象、过程管理特点、管理重点、执行过程与决策机制上都存在差异。建议科技项目实施项目管理要突出科技创新研究特点,注意科技攻关的探索性和不确定性;要把握和运用好计划管理手段;实行完全项目制是加强科技项目实施过程管理的一项重要举措,也是实施项目管理、提高科技管理效率与效益的关键环节;同时在科技管理中要充分体现以人为本的理念,调动科技人员创新积极性;要建立宽严适度的政策制度体系等。

Introduction of project management into the technological management area has enhanced control over the plans and process of technological projects, achieving good results. However, the scheduled progress restricted the direction and process of some technological research projects and limited the innovative conceptions and free creation of technological staff to some extent. To make better use of project management methods, it is necessary to understand the difference between project management and technological project management. They are different in the nature of management, targets of management, characteristic of process management, focuses of management, execution process and decision-making mechanism. It is proposed that project management applied in technological projects should highlight technological innovation characteristics and pay attention to research efforts and uncertainties of technological research projects. The methods for plan management and complete project system are the important measures to enhance management of execution process for technological projects. They are also the key links for execution of project management and improvement of management effciency and performance. Meanwhile, the people-oriented conception should be displayed in technological management to stimulate the innovative initiatives of technological staff, with a strict and appropriate policy system established.