多维评价视角下的石油企业技术创新策略选择

Evaluate Technological Innovative Options of Petroleum Enterprises from Multidimensional Perspectives

制定合适的技术创新策略,对推动石油企业技术发展、提高石油企业市场竞争力具有重要现实意义。根据国内外石油公司技术创新实践,从技术来源角度提出了12种技术创新策略(自主创新、模仿创新、跟随创新、技术合作、技术合资、技术并购、技术许可、风险投资、技术改进、创新外包、退出策略)。考虑企业技术能力、企业技术需求程度、技术发展阶段3个方面,分析了影响石油企业技术创新策略制定的影响因素。在此基础上构建了石油企业技术创新策略选择模型,并根据不同的技术情况,探讨了石油企业技术创新的优先策略和备选策略,提出了用专家咨询法和最大隶属度原则确定单项技术创新策略的基本思路。并以中国石化发展旋转导向钻井系统为例,阐述了石油企业制定技术创新策略的具体过程,证实了模型的有效性。

An appropriate technological innovative option is of great realistic significance to stimulating technological development of petroleum enterprises and improving their market competitiveness. Based on the technological innovation practice of Chinese and foreign petroleum companies, this article puts forth 12 technological innovative options from the angle of technological sources （independent innovation, imitation-based innovation, guided innovation, technological cooperation, joint venture for technology, technological merger and acquisition, technological license, risk investment, technological improvement, outsource of innovation, and withdrawal option）. Three areas are taken into account – technological capacity of an enterprise, degree of technological demand from an enterprise, and technological development stage. The article also analyzes the factors infuencing petroleum enterprises to make technological innovative options. The model of petroleum enterprises’ technological innovative options is made on the basis of the analysis. The priority and stand-by technological innovative options are also brought under discussion according to the different technological conditions. The expert consultation method and the principle of maximum membership degree are proposed to determine a single technological innovation option. Taking Sinopec’s efforts for development of rotary steering drilling system as an example, the article elaborates the concrete process of making technological innovative options of petroleum enterprises, thus confrming the validity of the model.