深圳市龙岗区74家眼镜制造企业职业病危害因素检测情况

Detection results of occupational hazards in 74 glasses-manufacturing enterprises in Longgang District of Shenzhen City

目的分析深圳市龙岗区某街道辖区内74家眼镜制造企业的职业病危害因素,为眼镜制造企业的职业病危害因素防控提供依据。方法收集该74家眼镜制造企业生产车间内的噪声、粉尘、有机溶剂等职业病危害因素的检测结果,分别对不同规模企业、不同种类、不同岗位的职业病危害因素进行统计分析。结果 74家眼镜制造企业中,大、中、小型企业的职业病危害因素的总体超标率分别为16.87%,19.77%,30.84%,三者之间的差异有统计学意义(χ~2=51.204,P<0.01)。不同规模眼镜制造企业的噪声超标率之间差异有统计学意义(χ~2=12.528,P=0.02)。74家企业的噪声、粉尘、有机溶剂职业病危害因素超标率之间的差异有统计学意义(χ~2=104.3,P<0.01)。滚桶、超声清洗两个岗位的平均噪声水平高于其他噪声接触岗位,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同粉尘接触岗位的粉尘超标率之间的差异有统计学意义(χ~2=25.512,P<0.01),不同有机溶剂接触岗位的有机溶剂超标率之间的差异有统计学意义(χ~2=13.548,P<0.01)。结论不同规模眼镜制造企业、不同岗位、不同种类的职业病危害因素超标情况存在一定的差异,监管部门、企业及职业病危害因素接触工人应采取相关措施降低职业病因素的危害。

[Objective] To provide evidence for preventing and controlling occupational hazards in glasses-manufacturing enterprises by analyzing these hazards in 74 enterprises in one sub-strict of Longgang District of Shenzhen City.[Methods]The testing results of noise,dust and organic solvent in workshop of 74 glasses-manufacturing enterprises were collected,to statistically analyze the occupational hazards in different sizes of enterprises,different types,and different posts.[Results]In these 74 glassesmanufacturing enterprises,the total exceeding standard rate of occupational hazards in large,medium and small enterprises was respectively 16.87%,19.77% and 30.84%,and the difference was statistically significant（χ~2=51.204,P〈0.01）. There was statistically significant difference in the exceeding standard rate of noise among different sizes of enterprises（χ~2=12.528,P=0.02）. The differences in the exceeding standard rate of noise,dust and organic solvent was statistically significant in 74 glasses-manufacturing enterprises（χ~2=104.3,P〈0.01）. The average noise intensities in rolling barrel post and ultrasonic cleaning post were significantly higher than that in other types of noise exposed post（P〈0.05）. The difference in the exceeding standard rate of dust was statistically significant among different types of dust exposed post（χ~2=25.512,P〈0.01）. There was statistically significant difference in the exceeding standard rate of organic solvent among different types of organic solvent exposed post（χ~2=13.548,P〈0.01）.[Conclusion]There are differences in the exceeding standard rates among different sizes of glasses-manufacturing enterprises,different types of work and different kinds of occupational hazards. Supervision and administration departments,glasses-manufac-turing enterprises and workers exposed occupational hazards should take relevant measures to alleviate the impact of occupational hazards.