2000年以来朝鲜植被覆盖变化及其与气候因子的相关性研究

Changes of vegetation coverage and its relationship with climate factors in North Korea since 2000

生态环境的可持续与人类福祉和生态系统服务息息相关,研究植被覆盖变化及其与气候因子的相关性,探讨植被覆盖时空变化规律,探究气候因子对植被变化的驱动机制,对预见气候因子对生态系统影响、制定生态环境可持续保护策略具有深远意义。基于此,利用美国国家航空航天局发布的MODIS NDVI数据并结合相关的气候资料,通过对像元信息进行提取与分析,采用最大合成法、克里金插值法、相关分析法等方法,对2000-2016年朝鲜全境植被覆盖变化及其与气候因子的相关性进行了研究。结果表明:朝鲜全境植被覆盖空间分布不均,北部盖马高原、东北部咸镜山区,中、东部山地丘陵区为高值区;西、南部平原地区,东部沿海地带为低值区。NDVI值整体上增加,局部减少,空间差异明显。植被生长受气温和降水双重驱动,其中,气温对植被年内生长变化比降水作用更大;而气温因素中,年平均气温对植被生长的影响程度略大,NDVI对降水的响应存在明显滞后效应;NDVI对温度和降水的响应程度与空间地理位置、高程有关。区域植被NDVI年际变化主要受年最低气温和人类活动的影响。

The ecological environment sustainable is closely related to human well-being and ecosystem services.It is important for making protection strategy of sustainable eco-environment and foreseeing climate factors impact on the ecosystem to study the spatial-temporal change of vegetation coverage and its relationship with climatic factors,to explore the driving mechanism of climate factor on the vegetation change.Based on these,the paper used the MODIS NDVI released by NASA and related climate data to study the relationship between NDVI and climatic factors in North Korea during 2000-2016 by using method of MVC （maximum value composites）,Kriging method,correlation analysis method,and so on.The results show as follows：（1） The spatial distribution of vegetation coverage in North Korea was unbalanced,the high value of NDVI was located in Gaema plateau of northem,Hamgyong mountains of northeast,mountain and hill of Central and Eastern,while the low value of NDVI was located in the western/southern plains and the eastern coastal areas.NDVI overall increased and some local NDVI reduced,the spatial difference of NDVI was obvious.（2） The growth of vegetation was driven by temperature and precipitation,and the effect of temperature on the interannual variability of vegetation growth was even more important than that of precipitation.In factors of the temperature,the mean temperature had a great influence on the growth of vegetation,and the response of NDVI to the precipitation was obviously backward;the response of NDVI to temperature and precipitation was related to spatial location and elevation.Interannual variability of regional vegetation NDVI was influenced mainly by annual minimum temperature and human activity.In the future,more attention should be paid to the spatial-temporal changes of different vegetation types and their relationships with climatic factors,topography,soil,and human activities.At the meantime,the key ecosystem services need to be quantified in order to realize the coordinated development of ecosystems and human well-being.