刺参体壁和内脏的脂肪酸组成分析

Analysis of Fatty Acid Compositions in Body Wall and Internal Organs of Sea Cucumber

采用甲酯化结合二甲基二硫衍生,通过气相色谱-质谱法对刺参体壁和内脏的脂肪酸组成进行分析鉴定。结果表明:根据脂肪酸甲酯的断裂规律和质谱特征,通过基峰离子确定脂肪酸甲酯的基本类型,再经特征离子和等效链长(ECL)等方法综合分析,从刺参中总共鉴定出50种脂肪酸和6种脂肪醛二甲基缩醛,以C_(16:0)、C_(16:1n-9)、C_(20:1n-11)、C_(20:5n-3)、C_(18:0DMA)、C_(20:4n-6)和C_(23:1n-9)为主,其中C_(23:1n-9)为海参特征性脂肪酸。刺参体壁和内脏脂肪酸的含量差异较大,体壁中的多不饱和脂肪酸(21.32%)和脂肪醛二甲基缩醛(9.97%)的含量显著高于内脏(分别为9.93%和3.06%),而饱和脂肪酸(24.55%)显著低于内脏(39.54%)。刺参体壁和内脏中的单不饱和脂肪酸总含量相近,分别为44.91%和47.47%,且以n-9型和n-11型为主,其中体壁的n-9型单不饱和脂肪酸(22.92%)显著低于内脏(31.57%),而n-11型单不饱和脂肪酸(10.73%)则显著高于内脏(4.75%)。刺参体壁和内脏含有丰富的单不饱和脂肪酸,尤其是n-9型单不饱和脂肪酸,且体壁中富含C_(20:5n-3)、C_(20:4n-6)和缩醛磷脂,表明刺参在脂肪酸和脂质方面具有较高的营养价值,可作为相关功能性脂质因子的重要膳食来源,对于功能性食品的开发,具有较好的潜力。

The fatty acid compositions of body wall and internal organs of Apostichopus japonicas Selenka were analyzed by gas chromagraphy-mass spectrometry（GC-MS）, after derivatization with methyl-esterification and dimethyl disulfide. The results indicated that the basic types of fatty acid methyl esters could be firstly confirmed by base-peak ions, according to the fragmentation rules and mass spectrometry characteristics, and then the comprehensive analyses were made on the basis of characteristic ions and equivalent chain length（ECL）. Fifty fatty acids and six fatty aldehyde dimethyl acetals were identified from Apostichopus japonicas Selenka, and the principal fatty acids were successively C（16：0）, C（16：1n-9）, C（20：1n-11）, C（20：5n-3）, C（18：0DMA）, C（20：4n-6） and C（23：1n-9）, and C（23：1n-9） was characteristic fatty acid of sea cucumbers.Meanwhile, significant differences were demonstrated between body wall and internal organs of Apostichopus japonicas Selenka. The contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids and fatty aldehyde dimethyl acetals were respectively 21.32% and9.97% in body wall, and were remarkably higher than those in internal organs（9.93% and 3.06%, respectively）; nevertheless, the content of saturated fatty acids（24.55%） was significantly lower than that in internal organs（39.54%）.Monounsaturated fatty acids were based on n-9 type and n-11 type, and the contents were respectively 44.91% in body wall and 47.47% in internal organs. The content of n-9 type monounsaturated fatty acids was 22.92% in body wall and was dramatically lower than that in internal organs（31.57%）; however, the content of n-11 type was 10.73% and significantly higher than that in internal organs（4.75%）. The body wall and internal organs of Apostichopus japonicas Selenka were rich in monounsaturated fatty acids, especially n-9 type monounsaturated fatty acids; moreover, C（20：5n-3）, C（20：4n-6） and plasmalogens were found abundantly in body wall, indicating that Apostichopus japonicas Selenka had high nutritional values in lipids and fatty acids and also could be used as important dietary sources of functional lipid factors, and had great development potentials of functional food.