南方规模化猪场母猪死亡原因分析

Analysis of factors affecting sow mortality in large-scale pig farms in South China

为了提高南方规模化猪场的养殖效益,以华南地区某规模化猪场2013—2016年累计48个月死亡母猪的记录数据进行了模化猪场母猪死亡原因分析。结果表明:该猪场生产母猪年死亡率为2.68%~4.02%,死亡母猪的主要症状为应激、胃肠道疾病和发烧三种类型,占比分别为30.24%,24.39%和20.00%;低胎次母猪死亡率较高,其中2胎母猪死亡率最高,为24.39%;母猪死亡具有季节性,4—9月份处于较高水平,4月份最高,为0.41%;母猪在妊娠105~117 d死亡比例最高,占妊娠期死亡母猪的29.4%。说明规模化猪场应加强母猪死亡数据监控,尤其针对华南地区夏季高湿、高热的气候环境应采取防暑降温措施,针对母猪繁殖周期中的关键时期加强护理以减少母猪死亡。

To improve the breeding benefit of large-scale pig farms in South China,the mortality of sows in a large-scale pig farm from 2013 to 2016 was analyzed by taking the records of 48 months data totally. The study found that the mortality rate of the sows was 2. 68% ~4. 02% annually. The main symptoms of death sows were stress,gastrointestinal diseases and fever,accounting for 30. 24%,24. 39% and 20. 00% respectively. The low parity sows had more mortality,the sow with the two parity have the highest proportion,was 24. 39%. The mortality rate had the character of seasonality,which is higher from April to September,highest in April was 0. 41%. Furthermore,the mortality in gestation stage of 105 ~ 117 days had the highest proportion,accounting for 29. 4% of the deaths in pregnancy. We conclude that the farm should streng then the data monitoring of sow mortality,take cooling measures in summer especially for the southern China area where has the the high humidity and high temperature weather,and take delicacy management among perinatal stage to reduce the sow mortality.