胆碱酯酶荧光探针的研究进展

Recent progress in fluorescent probes for cholinesterase

作为生物体中一类重要的糖蛋白水解酶,胆碱酯酶主要有乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)和丁酰胆碱酯酶(BChE)两种同工酶.它们分布在大脑、血液和其他组织中,广泛参与人和动物体内的多种生理代谢过程.因此,胆碱酯酶在神经生物学、药学、临床医学和毒理学等研究领域发挥着重要的作用.胆碱酯酶的活性分析对于药物发现以及相关疾病的诊断和治疗具有重要的指导意义.本文简要评述了胆碱酯酶荧光探针的研究进展,包括抑制剂型探针、底物型探针以及整合纳米技术等所建立的荧光定量分析方法.

Cholinesterases,a series of glycoprotein hydrolases,mainly consist of acetylcholinesterase （AChE） and butyrylcholinesteras（BChE） and they are isoenzymes. They mainly exist in brain,blood and many other tissues of human body,and they widely involve into many physiological metabolic processes like the metabolism,the nutritional synthesis and the energy transfer. Thus,cholinesterases play significant roles in multiple research areas,such as neurobiology,toxicology,clinical medicine and pharmacol. Therefore,the assay and analysis of cholinesterases activity is very important for the drug discovery and the clinical diagnosis of cholinesterases related diseases. In this review,we mainly focus on the recent advances in fluorescent probes and the development of the fluorometric methods for the biological analysis of cholinesterase,the inhibitor based probe,the substrate based probe,as well as the nanomaterial based fluorometric assays.