英国社会对“自杀”的认知

On the Cognition of Suicide in England

自杀与最根深蒂固的社会传统观念相关,社会对自杀的态度反映了一个时代最基本的理念。英国社会对"自杀"的认知经历了从中世纪的严苛到近代晚期宽容的转变。近代晚期英国对"自杀"态度的"世俗化"以及自杀的"去污名化"运动,反映了这一时期社会观念的进步。其转变原因主要有:自杀人数的增加引发社会关注,自杀的"医学化",理性呼声的出现,对社会陋习的摒弃与权利意识的增强。

Suicide is associated with the most entrenched social traditions. The cognition of suicide refl ects the very basic principle of an era. This can be seen in the English society's changing attitude to suicide from the strict medieval view to more tolerant in late Modern period. Secularization and decontamination of suicide reflects the changes to the mentality of English society in late modern period. There are four reasons for these changes: the increasing instance of suicide; the 'medicalization' of suicide; the appearance of the voice of reason; the opposition of corrupt customs.