论日本明治维新前夕的社会经济发展

The Social Economic Development on the Eve of Meiji Restoration in Japan

19世纪中叶,历经二个半世纪的日本德川幕府统治进入尾声。当时,商品经济发展形成的以"三都"为轴心的局地市场经济圈,较为普遍的家庭手工业及少量工厂手工业所显示的资本主义生产关系的出现,统治阶级内部与被统治阶级内部分化的同时进行,表明封建晚期的德川幕府统治基础已经严重动摇,而开国后西方殖民势力的大举进入,则成为幕府最后瓦解的催化剂。幕末生产力发展水平及其生产关系的变化,构成了日本明治维新后迅速走上资本主义道路的前提性基础。

By the middle of 19 th century, Tokugawa Bakufu rule of Japan had come to the end. At that time, the formation of local market economic circle surrounding the 'three metropolises' based on development of commodity economy, the emergence of primary capitalist production relation represented by widespread household handicrafts and small amount of factory handicrafts and the concurrent of differentiation within both ruling class and ruled class indicated that the foundation of Tokugawa Bakufu rule in late feudal had already been severely shaken. The large scale entrance of western colonial forces after opening-up had become the catalysts of collapse of Tokugawa Bakufu rule. The change of both development level of productive forces and production relations constituted the basis for capitalist road soon after Meiji Restoration in Japan.