1969年美国对朝鲜击落美侦查机的反应

America's Response to the Shutdown of EC-121 Reconnaissance Aircraft by DPRK in 1969

1969年,朝鲜击落美EC-121侦察机,并导致机上31名美军人员死亡。这是尼克松上台后面对的第一次重大危机。由于受越南战争、朝鲜半岛局势及美国国内压力等因素的影响,尼克松政府最终采取软处理的方式。但是,EC-121事件使美国调整了处理危机的管理机制,成立了华盛顿特别行动小组。在此后应对约旦危机、第四次中东战争等国际危机中,特别行动机构起到了积极作用,而面对不断出现的美朝摩擦、朝鲜半岛危机,该机构仍表现出局限性。尼克松政府处理朝鲜半岛危机的决策理念,对此后历届美国政府及美国与盟国的关系都产生了重要影响。

America's EC-121 Reconnaissance Aircraft was shut down by DPRK in 1969, which resulted in 31 lives missing. The incident was the first major crisis after Nixon's taking office, Nixon Administration dealt with the crisis through the diplomatic channel because of the factors including Vietnam War, situation of the Korean Peninsula and the native pressure. However, Nixon Administration adjusted the managing mechanism to deal with the crisis for the incident, which result was that Washington Special Actions Group was set up. The agency played the active roles in dealing with the following crises such as Jordan Crisis and Yom Kipper War. But the agency's function was limited when it did with US-DPRK frictions and the crises in Korean Peninsula. Meanwhile, the decision-making idea that Nixon administration managed the crises in Korean Peninsula had importance on the following American administrations and the relations between US and its allies.