松花江哈尔滨段生态系统格局分异特征研究

Pattern differentiation characteristics of ecosystem in Harbin section of Songhua River

本文应用景观格局指数从景观多样性、景观要素特征、景观空间构型3个方面分析了研究区2002、2011年生态系统的空间分异特征。研究表明由于农田、林地集中连片分布,使得研究区整体破碎化程度不高,但从不同景观类型来看,草地、滩涂、坑塘、沼泽等景观类型破碎化程度加剧。河流的连通性最佳,分布广、面积较大,发挥着生态廊道的作用,其受人类干扰的影响最大,影响了其生态服务功能的发挥。需要加强水源地林地的保护,从源头保证河流生态服务功能。旱田是研究区内面积最大景观类型,其与河流连接紧密,所以农药、化肥等面源污染对河流的影响较大,需加强农田的面源污染防治。

In this paper, the landscape pattern index was used to analyze the spatial differentiation characteristics of ecosystem in the study area in the year of 2002 and 2011, from 3 aspects：landscape diversity, landscape features and landscape spatial configuration. The result shows that the concentrated distribution of farmland and forestmakemoderate fragmentation degree of the overall study area, but from the view of different types of landscape, fragmentation of grassland, beaches, ponds, marshes and other types aggravates. The river has the best connectivity,with wide distribution and large area. It plays a role as an ecological corridor, and it has the greatest impact on human disturbance, which has affected its ecological services. It is necessary to strengthen the protection of forest land in water source area to ensure the ecological service function. Dry farmland is the largest landscape typein the study area, which is closely connected with the river, so the non-point source pollution of pesticide and fertilizer to rivers is serious. There is need to strengthen the prevention of non-point source pollution of farmland.