有机肥与化肥配施对黑土理化性质及玉米产量的影响

Effect of Organic Manure Combined with Chemical Fertilizer on Physicochemical Properties and Corn Yield in Black Soils

化肥的使用对提高作物产量发挥了巨大作用,但由于其用量的不断增加引发了一系列的土壤质量有关问题。为了减少黑土资源的损失、发展可持续农业。本研究以当地肥料用量为基础,依据同一氮素水平,采用有机肥与化肥1:1比例配施的方式,共设置5个处理,每个处理3次重复,随机区组排列。对土壤性质和玉米产量进行分析。结果表明:有机肥与化肥的配施能够显著提高土壤肥力状况,施用猪粪肥提高有机质含量最高,与当地常规施肥相比有机质含量增加了6.63 g/kg;速效养分分别有不同程度的提高,其中碱解氮含量分别提高了1.33-15.32 mg/kg;速效磷含量分别提高了0.63-42.35 mg/kg;速效钾含量分别提高了18.96-78.53 mg/kg。经有机肥与化肥配施后,土壤的物理性质也得到了显著的改善,在施用猪粪肥处理时各项物理性质改善最明显,阳离子交换量增加了2.48 cmol/kg;田间持水量、总孔隙度分别9.81%和3.77%均高于其他处理;土壤容重降低最明显,降低至1.07 g/cm3;施用猪粪肥和鸡粪肥处理的玉米产量显著高于当地常规施肥处理(P<0.05),分别增产1059 kg/hm2和938 kg/hm2。玉米产量与有机质、有效磷、总孔隙度、田间持水量和阳离子交换量呈显著正相关,与容重呈显著负相关关系。综合分析,同一氮素水平下,1/2化肥和1/2猪粪肥配施时,土壤性质和玉米产量效果最佳。

The uses of chemical fertilizers play an important role in promoting crop production. But the negative effects on soil quality have come out with the increasing uses of chemical fertilizers. In order to reduce the loss of soil resources, sustainable agricultural development, this research is based on the local fertilizer amount and according to the same nitrogen level. Based on method of organic manure with chemical fertilizer by 1：1 ratio,5 treatments were carried out, and each treatment was repeated for3 times with random block design. The results indicated that organic manure application combined with chemical fertilizer could significantly result in increases in soil fertility. The application of pig manure increased the organic matter content is the highest,compared with the conventional fertilization of organic matter content increased 6.63 g/kg; available nutrient were improved in different degrees, the nitrogen content increased by 1.33-15.32 mg/kg; the content of available phosphorus were increased by 0.63-42.35 mg/kg; available potassium content increased by 18.96-78.53 mg/kg. The use of organic manure and chemical fertilizers,soil physical properties have been significantly improved the physical properties of the most obvious improvement in the application of pig manure treatment, cation exchange capacity increased by 2.48 cmol/kg; field capacity, total porosity was9.81% and 3.77% higher than the other treatments, the soil bulk density decreased most significantly reduced to 1.07 g/cm3. The application of pig manure and chicken manure treatment of maize yield was significantly higher than that of local conventional fertilization treatment（P 0.05）, respectively, increased by 1059kg/hm2 and 938 kg/hm2. Maize yield was positively correlated with organic matter, available phosphorus, total porosity, field capacity and cation exchange capacity, and was negatively correlated with bulk density. Comprehensive analysis, use of 1/2 chemical fertilizer and 1/2 pig manure at the same N level significantly affect soil properties and increase corn yield.