吏员集团与金代政治关系刍论

Study on the Petty Officials Group and Political Connections in Jin Dynasty

官吏分途之后,金代吏员从统治集团中相对独立出来,形成金代吏员集团。吏员集团作为金代政治的一部分,对金代政治产生了重要影响。通过对金代吏员集团及内部各阶层与金代政治关系的探讨,以及对金代官吏之间的斗争及其实质的剖析表明:金代吏员集团内部各阶层与金代政治之间的关系差别显著,以省令史为代表的中央政府吏员,游走于权力核心的边缘,以奉职、奉御等为代表的宫廷吏员,从皇帝奴仆逐渐成长为宫廷政治核心力量,地方吏员则成为地方政治的翻云覆雨手。吏员集团成为操控金代各级权力的隐形势力,并通过吏员政治进而影响官僚政治,在吏员集团与官员集团的权力博弈中,形成吏权大盛的局面。吏员集团与官员集团冲突的本质是吏学与儒学之争。

After the separation of government officials, the petty officials in Jin Dynasty were relatively independent from the ruling group,and then formed the petty officials group in Jin Dynasty. As a part of the political factors in Jin Dynasty, the petty officials group had an important influence on the politics. The paper investigates the group and the relations between its internal classes and politics in Jin Dynasty, and then analyses the struggle and its essence between the petty officials group and the officials. The conclu-sions are as follows： the relations between its internal classes and politics in Jin Dynasty are significantly different. The petty officials in central governments represented by Shenglingshi were the edge of the pow-er core,the court petty officials represented by Fengzhi and Fengyu gradually grew into the core strength of the imperial court from the emperors slaves,the petty officials in local governments became the local po-litical operators. The petty officials group was invisible forces at all levels of contact power, and then formed the official right prosperous complexion through the influence of bureaucratic politics. The essence of conflict between the petty officials group and the officials group is an arguments of Bureaucratics and Confucianism.