陆龟蒙“宋家微咏”臆说——兼及“宋玉《微咏赋》”的疑惑

Philological Study of the Authorship of the Famous Rhapsody Weiyong-Fu Based on LU Guimeng's Assumption

宋元之际陈仁子《文选补遗》始载所谓"宋玉《微咏赋》"以来,古今学界便有"宋玉作《微咏赋》"和"宋王微作《咏赋》"两种意见之争。明清之时更有人援引唐陆龟蒙"宋家微咏若遗音"诗句以证宋玉确有《微咏赋》,当今宋玉研究界亦有附会者。考察该赋的形式、内容以及宋玉和王微的时代背景、各自经历与思想创作等,可以得出如下结论:(1)所谓《微咏赋》既不用宋玉赋常有的"君臣问对"形式,又"文不对题"地赋"咏"而非"微咏",且颇多汉魏以后的玄言佛语,当不是宋玉之赋;(2)陆龟蒙"宋家微咏"是泛指"宋玉微辞"而非专指"微咏赋",《笠泽丛书》"宋玉有微咏赋"的注文非作者"自注"不能证明陆氏见过宋玉《微咏赋》;(3)南朝宋王微的坎坷经历及其博识才华、玄佛兴趣与"尚悲"文学观念,颇与此赋内容及忧悲主旨吻合,故其有作《咏赋》的可能。

Between the Song Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty, Literary Selections Addendum by Chen Ren-zi first records what is called Song Yu' s Wei Yong Fu. It leads to the argument among the ancient and modern academic circles. One opinion is that Wei Yong Fu was written by Song Yu,and the other view is that its author was Wang Wei in Song Dynasty, who wrote Yong Fu. At the juncture of the Ming and Qing dynasties,some scholars cite Lu Gui-meng' s verse to support the fact that Song Yu did write Wei Yong Fu. Based on the thorough analysis of the form contents of Wei Yong Fu and with a deep probe into the temporal setting of Song Yu and Wang Wei, including their own experience, creative idea, and so on, this article holds the following views:(1)The so-called 'Wei Yong Fu' neither put to use the general form of 'dialogue between host and guest' of Song Yu's Fu,nor depict object according to the theme 'Wei Yong'. It depict s 'Yong' that is irrelevant to the subject, and there had been quite a lot of Buddhist phrases which appeared in Han dynasties, therefore it is not Song Yu's Fu;(2)Lu Gui-meng's 'Song Jia Wei Yong' refers to 'Song Yu Wei Ci' rather than specifically to 'Wei Yong Fu', the annotations of Li Ze Series are not the author's own, so it couldn't prove Lu once read Song Yu's Wei Yong Fu;(3)The rough experience of Wang Wei in the Southern Dynasty and his knowledge of talents, the interests in both Buddhism and metaphysics, and the literary concept of 'sorrow advocating' are quite consistent with this content and the theme of sadness, so it has the possibility that it is Wang Wei who created Yong Fu.