上封事制度与汉代政治的关系

On the Relationship between the System of Submitting Fengshi and the Politics of Han Dynasty

封事是源于汉代的一种密封奏章,上封事制度的产生与汉代中期的政治形势密切相关,尚书机构的发展是上封事制度产生的客观原因,而汉宣帝与霍氏家族的权力斗争又是上封事制度产生的具体因素。上封事制度对汉代政治的重要影响,主要表现在弹劾权贵、对皇帝进行谏议、举荐人才三个方面。汉代封事易漏泄,保密性不强,责任多在于皇帝,因而上封事者多遭受政治报复,上封事制度有其制度上的缺陷。

Fengshi is a kind of sealed written report to the emperor since Han Dynasty. The appearance of the system of submitting Fengshi is closely related to the political situation in the middle period of Han Dynasty. The development of ministry is the objective cause of the formation of the system of submitting Fengshi. And the power struggle between Han Xuandi and Huo family is the specific factor of the creation of the system of submitting Fengshi. The great influence of the system of submitting Fengshi on the politics of Han Dynasty embodies the three aspects of impeaching bigwigs,giving advice to the emperor and recommending talents. The emperor is mostly to blame for the information leakage of Fengshi. As a result,the submitters always suffered from political revenge. Obviously,there were institutional flaws in the system of submitting Fengshi.