水生态文明制度体系框架研究

Research on the system framework of water ecological civilization

针对我国面临的水资源、水灾害、水环境、水生态等水问题,应用生态承载力所包含的生态弹性力、资源承载力和环境承载力三要素,结合水生态文明的基本特点,建立该制度体系的逻辑框架。从涉水空间有序管理、水资源合理利用与监管、水环境和水生态有效管控、评价和考核4个方面对相关制度进行分类,构建包含36项子制度的水生态文明制度体系框架。通过统计分析,指出存在的基本问题和主要应对思路:(1)对于在试点试验过程中出现问题的制度,应针对问题,制定解决方案,积累经验,完善制度安排;(2)对于在法律中已有原则性规定,但亟待细化的制度,应继续通过试点工作,总结经验,细化已有法律法规;(3)对于与现行法律法规和体制存在矛盾、冲突的制度,若开展试验工作,需向国家有关机构提请在试点范围内暂时调整相关法律法规和体制。

In order to resolve the water problems,including water resources,water environment,water ecology and water disaster in China,a logic framework of 36 sub-systems was built.This logic framework was based on the ecological carrying capacity theory which contained ecological elastic capability,resources carrying capacity and environmental carrying capacity,and the basic characteristics of water ecological civilization was also considered.The system of water ecological civilization could be divided into four categories,including orderly management of water space,rational utilization and supervision of water resources,effective management of water environment and ecology,evaluation and assessment.Through statistic analysis of the sub-systems for each category,basic problems and solutions were proposed.First of all,there were some problems in the process of pilot.Corresponding solutions should be made to accumulate experience and improve the sub-systems.Furthermore,some sub-systems in laws and regulations were too simple and they should be refined in the future.Last but not the least,some sub-systems contradicted with the present laws,regulations or systems.Before piloting,relevant laws,regulations or systems should be adjusted temporarily.