设施草莓耗水规律及灌水器选型试验研究

Experimental study on water consumption of greenhouse strawberry and selection of drip emitter

以揭示设施草莓耗水规律、明确灌溉器选型模式为研究目的,采用大型称重式蒸渗仪开展设施草莓耗水规律研究。基于生态环境要素构建了设施草莓耗水经验模型,对比试验分析了滴灌带(管)规格对土壤水分均匀度、产量、根系发育等因素的影响,按照需水特征将草莓全生育期划分为4个主要阶段:花芽分化期、越冬期、盛果期、盛果后期。研究表明:(1)设施草莓全生育期的耗水强度随生育期呈现"U"型变化趋势,其中越冬期耗水量最小,试验监测显示设施草莓全生育期(2013年9月5日-2014年5月23日)的耗水量为406mm,日均1.55mm;(2)相关性分析显示叶面积指数对草莓耗水强度影响较小;(3)在试验所处条件下,滴头间距为20cm的滴灌带(管)较为适于设施草莓灌溉。

We investigated the evapotranspiration（ET）of greenhouse strawberry using the large-scale weighing lysimeter.An empirical water consumption model of greenhouse strawberry was established based on eco-environmental factors.We compared the effects of drip tape sizes on the soil moisture uniformity,yield,and root development.We divided strawberry growth into four stages based on its water consumption characteristics：flower-bud differentiation period,over-wintering period,full fruiting period,and post-fruiting period.The results showed：（1）The water consumption intensity of greenhouse strawberry during the whole growth period showed a U-shaped variation trend,with minimum water consumption in the over-wintering stage.The water consumption of greenhouse strawberry during the whole growth period（September 5,2013 to May 23,2014）was 406 mm,which was 1.55mm/d.（2）Correlation analysis showed that the leaf area index had little effect on the water consumption intensity of greenhouse strawberry.（3）Dripper spacing of 20 cm was the most suitable for irrigation under the experiment conditions.