合同解除、撤销、无效中恢复原状请求权性质探析

The Right on the Claim of Rescission Abolition and Invalidation of A Contract

我国合同法对合同罹于解除、撤销以及无效后双方当事人权利义务归属问题有之规定,即回归到合同订立之前的最初状态,返还取得财物,或承担赔偿责任。在物权模式变动语境下,物权请求权与债权请求权当事人利益关系角度,分析讨论我国"回归到最初状态"之请求权性质,探析三种消灭合同关系之法律制度在"回归最初状态"之异同。同时,在比较法的视角下,考察域外民法立法及其请求权性质。在我国物权变动模式的语境下,对比分析三者之间的异同点,回答恢复原状请求权之性质,即合同解除恢复原状的请求权性质为不当得利请求权,合同撤销或无效恢复原状的请求权性质为物权请求权。

Provisions of the contract law of our country clearly define the rights and the obligations of the parties to the contract after the rescission,abolition and invalidation of a contract,i.e.restitution,which means the restoration to the original state, i.e. the return of the property,or assuming liability for compensation. In the context of the change in the law of Property,the nature of the right on the claim of ^restitution^is first discussed from the perspective of the ownership and liability of the interested parities,and then the differences between 3 forms of annulment of a contract concerning it.Besides,an analysis of the civil code in the western countries is made from the angle of comparative law,i.e. the nature of the claim. Lastly, under the context of the change in the law of Property, the differences of the above- mentioned 3 forms of annulment of a contract and hence “restitution” are summarised, i.e. the rescission is based on the claim of unjust enrichment,and the other two such as abolition and invalidation are based on the claim of property.