冷战视域下的香港“难民”问题探讨(1949-1960)

An Analysis of Refugee Problem in Hongkong from the Perspective of Cold War(1949-1960)

国共内战期间,部分大陆居民为躲避战火和受政治立场的不同,遂迁至英属殖民地香港,但香港刚经历过二战的摧残,社会基础设施难以承受如此多的难民,于是引发了难民危机。在东西方冷战日益升温的对抗背景下,香港难民危机成为美国和中华台北政权的关注点,它们对难民展开了救助,企图借以抹黑共产主义,大肆进行反共宣传;新中国则为争取这一群体,展开了政治宣传战,并向英国施压。随着难民危机的膨胀,香港自身难以解决危机,联合国难民署开始介入,但过多的政治力量卷入逐渐引发了英国的不满。伴着香港经济态势的好转,香港政府意识到只有通过就地融合才能完满的解决难民危机,历史最终证明了这批难民成为香港造就经济奇迹的因素之一。

During the civil war in China, some mainland residents immigrate to Hongkong, the colony of England. However, Hongkong has just experienced the World War II which caused huge damage to its infrastructure, so it is hard for Hongkong to bear so many refugees, which triggered a refugee crisis. In the background of increasing confrontation of the Cold war between the East and the West, Hongkong＇s refugee problem has become a focused issue of America and Taibei regime. They launched many operations to rescue Chinese refugees in an attempt to discredit Chinese Communist Party and make propaganda for anti-communist. In the purpose of seeking support of the refugees, Chinese government also launched a promoting campaign and exerted pressure on British government. With the expansion of the refugee crisis, Hongkong alone is unable to solve the problem. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees began to inter-vene, but too much involvement of political powers has gradually raised British government＇s discontent. Nevertheless, with the improve-ment of economic conditions in Hongkong, Hongkong government has realized that the only way to solve refugee crisis is to make them in- tegrate with local people. The history has proved that the refugee is one of the factors contributing to Hongkong＇s economic miracle.