代谢组学在奶牛营养与牛奶质量安全方面的研究进展

Research Progress on Metabolomics Application in Dairy Cow Nutrition and Milk Quality and Safety

代谢组学是检测低分子质量(通常分子质量小于1 000u)代谢物的变化,并以此来研究生物体受到病理/生理刺激或基因改变后所产生代谢产物的构成及其变化规律的学科。它是后基因时代发展起来的一门新的学科,是系统生物学的重要组成部分。代谢组学已经广泛应用于生理学、病理学、药理学、动物营养学、动物学和植物学等各个领域,但代谢组学在奶牛营养与牛奶质量安全研究中的应用还比较少。本文从代谢组学的基本概念、研究思路和方法等入手,综述了目前代谢组学在奶牛营养、疾病、热应激、牛奶质量与奶品安全中的应用。

Metabolomics can detect changes of metabolites with trait of low molecular weight （usually less than 1 000 u）. Based on this, it can be used to study the constituents and variation of the metabolites produced by stimulation of pathological and physiological infectors or gene change. It is a new subject that is developing in the post-genomic era, and is an important part of system biology. At present, it has been widely used in physiology, pathology, pharmacology, animal science, zoology, botany and other fields, but the researches on cow nutrition and milk safety and quality are still relatively less. Starting from basic concept, ideas and methods of metabolomics firstly, this article overviewed the current research on dairy cows＇ nutrition, disease, heat stress, milk quality and milk products safety by application of metabolomics.