添加平菇或香菇菌糠对木耳菌糠-鸡粪堆料腐殖质组成的影响

Effect of Spent Mushroom Substrates of Lentinus edodes or Pleurotus ostreatus on Humus Composition of Auricularia auricula Spent Mushroom Substrate Composted with Chicken Manure

为揭示添加平菇或香菇菌糠对木耳菌糠-鸡粪堆肥的效果,通过腐殖质组成特征筛选适宜的配方,将风干、粉碎后的平菇或香菇菌糠添加到木耳菌糠-鸡粪堆料中[平菇菌糠∶木耳菌糠∶鸡粪分别为3∶4∶3(Ⅰ-1)、2∶4∶4(Ⅰ-2)、1∶4∶5(Ⅰ-3),香菇菌糠∶木耳菌糠∶鸡粪分别为3∶4∶3(Ⅱ-1)、2∶4∶4(Ⅱ-1)、1∶4∶5(Ⅱ-1)],进行为期90 d的好氧堆腐试验,探索不同配方对堆料总有机碳(TOC)、胡敏酸碳(C_(HA))、胡敏素碳(C_(Hu))含量,胡富比(C_(HA)含量/C_(Hu)含量),胡敏酸(HA)碱溶液在465、665 nm处光密度比值(E_4/E_6)的影响,进而确定平菇或香菇菌糠与木耳菌糠-鸡粪间的最优配比。结果表明:与10 d相比,堆腐90 d后,除了Ⅰ-1处理能使堆料TOC含量得以累积,使其增加4.0%外,其余处理均可促进TOC的矿化;Ⅰ-1处理对堆料C_(HA)的消耗程度最大,而在2∶4∶4和1∶4∶5两个配比下,添加香菇菌糠(Ⅱ-2、Ⅱ-3)比平菇菌糠(Ⅰ-2、Ⅰ-3)更有利于木耳菌糠-鸡粪堆料C_(HA)的矿化分解;除了Ⅱ-3处理能使HA碱溶液E_4/E_6有3.9%的增加外,其余处理均可促使E_4/E_6下降,使HA的缩合度和芳构化程度提升,Ⅱ-1处理的优势最为明显,其次是Ⅰ-2处理;在堆料腐解期间,胡富比均有所降低,其中Ⅰ-1处理的降低幅度最大,Ⅰ-2和Ⅱ-3处理可促进菌糠堆肥的腐熟;在分解胡敏素(Hu)方面,Ⅰ-2处理更有优势,其次是Ⅱ-2和Ⅱ-3,而Ⅰ-1、Ⅰ-3和Ⅱ-1处理对Hu组分的降解能力相对较弱。平菇菌糠、木耳菌糠、鸡粪间质量比为2∶4∶4(Ⅰ-2)时更有利于堆料HA缩合以及Hu降解,最终促使堆料腐熟。

In order to reveal the effect of the addition of Pleurotus ostreatus or Lentinus edodes spent mushroom substrate( SMS) on the compost of Auricularia auricular SMS amended with chicken manure,the humus composition analysis was used to select a suitable formula. The air dried,ground SMS of Pleurotus ostreatus or Lentinus edodes was respectively added into the Auricularia auricula SMS amended with chicken manure,through setting the different proportions [Pleurotus ostreatus SMS∶ Auricularia auricula SMS∶ chicken manure were 3∶ 4∶ 3(Ⅰ-1),2∶ 4∶ 4(Ⅰ-2),1∶ 4∶ 5(Ⅰ-3),respectively; Lentinus edodes SMS∶ Auricularia auricula SMS∶ chicken manure were 3∶ 4∶ 3(Ⅱ-1),2∶ 4∶ 4( Ⅱ-2),1∶ 4∶ 5( Ⅱ-3),respectively],the aerobic compos-ting was conducted for a period of 90 d,the effects of different formulas on the contents of total organic carbon( TOC),humic acid( C_(HA)) and humin( C_(Hu)),the E_4/E_6 ratio of HA alkali solution,the C_(HA)/CFAratio were studied,so as to determine the optimum proportion among the SMS of Pleurotus ostreatus or Lentinus edodes,Auricularia auricula and chicken manure. The results showed that after the composting of 90 d,compared with the results of 10 d,except the Ⅰ-1 treatment could make its TOC content accumulated and increased by 4. 0%,the other treatments could promote the mineralization of TOC; the consumption of C_(HA) treated byⅠ-1 was the most,but the addition of Lentinus edodes SMS(Ⅱ-2,Ⅱ-3) was more beneficial to the decomposition of C_(HA)than Pleurotus ostreatus SMS(Ⅰ-2,Ⅰ-3) based on the ratios of 2∶ 4∶ 4 and 1∶ 4∶ 5; except the Ⅱ-3 treatment was able to make the E_4/E_6 ratio of HA alkali solution increased by 3. 9%,the other treatments could make the E_4/E_6 ratio declined,and then make the degrees of condensation and aromatization of HA enhanced,among which the advantage of Ⅱ-1 treatment was the most remarkable,followed by theⅠ-2 treatment; throughout the process of composting,all the C_(HA)/CFAratios had a decrease,among which the decreased degree ofⅠ-1 treatment was the most,on the contrary,theⅠ-2 and Ⅱ-3 treatments could promote the maturation of compost; in terms of disintegrating Hu,theⅠ-2 treatment had the most advantage,followed by Ⅱ-2 and Ⅱ-3 treatments,but the degradation degree of Hu treated byⅠ-1,Ⅰ-3 and Ⅱ-1 were all relatively weak. When the mass ratio of Pleurotus ostreatus,Auricularia auricula SMS and chicken manure was adjusted for 2∶ 4∶ 4(Ⅰ-2),the condensation of HA and the degradation of Hu were enhanced most,and the composting was easier to be decomposed.