近代早期英国村庄荒废原因探析

The Desolation of Villages in England during the Early Modern Period

英国的村庄荒废现象由来已久,早在中世纪晚期就已开始出现,到了近代早期尤为引人注目。近代早期的村庄荒废现象有其鲜明的特点:村庄虽然荒废了,但农业产量以及农业劳动生产率却有了显著提高。究其根本,近代早期的村庄荒废现象是土地产权变革的结果,引发了新型生产组织形式——资本主义农场形成,使原来的村庄聚落形态发生了改变,促进了英国从传统农业向现代农业的转型。

First appearing in as early as the late middle ages,the desolation of villages in England has been a long time.The desolation of villages in England during the early modern period was especially striking.It has distinctive features.The villages had been desolated but the agricultural yield and the agricultural labor productivity increased significantly.After all,the desolation of villages in England during the early modern period was caused by the reformation of the land property rights,which gave rise to the formation of the new production organization form,i.e.,the capitalist farm.The formation of the capitalist farm made the original village settlement shape changed and promoted the transition from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture of England.