低空摄影测量在弹丸落点坐标测试中的应用

Application of low-altitude photogrammetry in test of projectile falling point coordinates

靶场现有落点坐标测试设备大多数基于地面观测平台,存在通视要求的局限性,无法及时预测落点概略坐标,且对于连发密集型射击试验无法区分弹序。针对该问题,根据物点与像点的几何位置关系,提出了3种将观测平台设置为空中的无人机弹丸落点测量方法:内差法、距离比例法以及求解姿态角法。介绍了3种算法的基本原理和数学模型,然后结合模拟试验现场的测试数据对3种方法进行了验证,最后计算出满足要求所需要的相机最低技术指标。实验结果表明:内差法和比例法测量精度低于3m,求解姿态角法的精度小于0.3m。

Based on ground observation platform,most testing devices for projectile falling point (FP) positioning have limitation of visibility and cannot predict outline coordinates of FP,and cannot distinguish ballistic sequence for bursts of intensive shooting test.According to geometric position relation between object point and image point,three methods for measuring projectile falling point of UAV in the air are proposed:interpolation method (IM),distance ratio method (DRM)and attitude angle solved method (AASM).Basic principle and mathematic model of three algorithms are introduced firstly.Then three methods are verified by test data of simulation test.Minimum technical requirements of camera are calculated finally.Experiments show that accuracy of IM and DRM is less than 3 m and accuracy of AASM is less than 0.3m.