宁南山区坡改梯作物产量变化规律研究

Study on Change Rule of Terracing Crop Yield of the Mountain Area in Southern Ningxia

对国家农业综合开发水土保持项目宁夏项目区6个重点小流域实施坡改梯工程后不同年限的作物产量进行了为期4年的跟踪监测研究,结果表明:不同年限梯田小麦产量、玉米产量和马铃薯产量均以5年以上梯田最高,其次为3~5年梯田,与坡耕地相比,水平梯田修建3年后能够达到增产效果,5年以上的梯田增产效果更为明显;梯田修建初期,种植小麦和玉米均会出现减产现象,但种植马铃薯不会减产,在配套相应的培肥措施的条件下,修建当年种植马铃薯就能达到增产效果,因此马铃薯可作为宁南山区水平梯田修建初期种植的先锋作物。

Through 4-year tracking monitoring research on crop yields of 6 key small watersheds after different years terracing in the soil and water conservation project area of state agriculture comprehensive development of Ningxia,it shows that a) the crop yields of wheat,maize and potato of terraced fields with different building years,the highest is the terraced field built more than 5 years and next is the terraced field built for 3-5 years. Comparing with slope farmland,the level terrace can reach the yield-increasing effect after 3 years' building and the more obvious effect is more than 5 years and; b) in the early construction of terrace,the production of wheat and maize would be reduced,but the production of potato would be not. Under the conditions of corresponding measures for fertilization,the potato can reach the yield-increasing effect in the same year building. Thus,potato can be as a pioneer crop planted in the level terraces built early in the mountain area of southern Ningxia.