规避与借鉴:法治中国视角下发展乡规民约的理念变迁

Avoid and Reference:On the Legal Value and Development of the Traditional Village Rules in the Rule of Law

乡规民约是由乡民按照自我管理、自我服务、自我约束原则制定并调整人与人之间权利义务关系的行为规范。传统乡规民约曾经作为国家法律的有益补充,蕴含着建设法治社会的道德底蕴和文化成分,在一定意义上培养着农民的规则意识、契约精神和权利义务意识。但是,从历史的角度看,它们也存在背离现代法治精神的因素。例如,过于强调自治而漠视国家法律的权威,倡导息讼厌讼理念而抑制人们法律信仰的生成,父权制下的性别歧视冲击着女性权利平等的观念。因此,在法治中国的大背景下必须对传统乡规民约加以改造和完善,既要吸收借鉴其有益成分,更要确立社会主义核心价值观引领的基本理念,由国家法对其进行现代法治整合与引导,使其更加契合国家法律和现代法治精神,代表和保护广大村民的共同利益。

Village rules are some codes of conduct formulated in history to adjust the relationship about the rights and obligations of the villagers. As a moral consciousness and cultural idea of con-structing the rule of law,the traditional village rules used to be beneficial supplement to the national laws. It helps to cultivate the rules consciousness, the ＂contract spirit＂ and the rights and obligations consciousness, and service state ideology. But the traditional village rules also exist some factors that deviate from the spirit of modern rule of law. For example, too much emphasis on autonomy over the authority of state laws; advocating the idea of disgusting suits and dropping suits which inhibits the formation of legal beliefs; the sexism under patriarchal system impacting women＇s equal rights. Therefore, Under the guidance of the core valus of socialism, we should reform the traditional village rules, making it more suitable for national laws and the spirit of modern rule of law, protecting the common interests of the villagers.