右美托咪啶在骨科手术中的临床应用与发展

Clinical application and development of dexmedetomidine in Department of Orthopedics

右美托咪啶作为高效、高选择性的α_2-肾上腺素能受体激动剂,因其具有镇静、镇痛、抗焦虑和阻滞交感神经等作用,及有无呼吸抑制作用、易于唤醒的特点,目前广泛应用于临床麻醉中。骨科手术较其他手术对患者造成的创伤更大,其术后疼痛明显且疼痛持续时间长。剧烈的疼痛、患者的恐惧感等因素会增加术后并发症的发生率,延长患者的住院时间,增加医疗费用,因此骨科手术在镇静和镇痛的治疗尤为重要。本文就右美托咪啶近年来在骨科手术中的研究进展进行综述,为右美托咪啶的临床应用提供一种新思路。

Dexmedetomidine is an efficient, highly selective α2-adrenoceptor agonist, with sedative, analgesic,anti-anxiety and sympathetic block effects. Because of its absent respiratory depression and prompt wake-up characteristics, the drug has been widely used at present for the clinical anesthesia. The orthopedics operation can cause more injury than other operation, the postoperative pain is obvious and its duration is typically long. The incidence of severe pain, patient＇s fear and other factors may increase the postoperative complications, prolong hospitalization, increase medical expenses. Thus, sedation and analgesia is particularly important for orthopedics operation. This article reviews recent advances in the use of dexmedetomidine in orthopedics operation, and provides a new idea for clinical application of the drug.