网球运动员在复合运动模式下踝关节的动力学特征分析

Analysis on the dynamics characteristics of the ankle in the compound movement for the tennis players

结合网球运动项目特征,对其运动中的复合动作模式的生物力学特征进行分析,旨在探讨网球运动员踝关节运动的动力学特征,改善和提高日常训练的有效性和科学性,预防和减少运动中踝关节损伤的发生。本研究主要运用三维运动影像捕捉系统、三维测力台、表面肌电仪,同步采集受试者运动中的运动学、动力学、肌电学数据。得到:跑动急停向前起动跑、跑动急停侧向起动跑、跑动急停转身180°起动跑产生最大跖屈力矩分别为(1.818±0.246)N·m、(1.93±0.235)N·m、(2.21±0.32)N·m;在三种动作模式中,踝关节外翻的最大力矩分别为(0.392±0.023)N·m、(0.26±0.007)N·m、(0.16±0.03)N·m;最大外旋力矩分别为(0.139±0.036)N·m、(1.03±0.31)N·m、(0.403±0.021)N·m。结果表明:三种动作模式中,最容易造成踝关节损伤的动作是跑动急停侧向起动跑,对于网球运动员来说,在加强踝关节肌肉力量训练的同时还应该加强踝关节肌肉群的伸展性、灵活性、稳定性的训练。

The biomechanics characteristic of the compound movement is analyzed according to the tennis characteristic, to study the dynamical characteristic of ankle and improve effectiveness and scientificalness of training for the tennis player, and further to prevent and reduce the injury of ankle. In present contribution, the three-dimensional motion image catching system and three-dimensional force plate as well as surface electromyography is used synchronously to collect data. The maximum plantar flexion torque of the ankle in sudden stop and then forward running, sudden stop and then lateral running and sudden stop and then turn 180° running is 1.818±0.246 N·m, 1.93±0.235 N·m and 2.21±0.34 N·m, respectively. The maximum valgus torque of ankle is 0.392±0.023 N·m, 0.26±0.007 N·m and 0.16±0.03 N·m, respectively. Meanwhile, the maximum external torque is respectively 0.139±0.036 N·m, 1.03±0.31 N·m and 0.403±0.021 N·m in the three movements. It can be concluded that the ankle injury is easiest to be happened under sudden stop and then lateral running. The strength training, stretch training and stability training of ankle should be enhanced for the tennis athlete.