基于社会生态学模型的青少年体育锻炼行为相关因素分析

Related Factors of Adolescents' Physical Exercise Behavior Based on Social Ecology Model

为了解青少年体育锻炼行为的相关因素,运用问卷调查、访谈等研究方法,对健康行为生态学模型进行简单的理论梳理和分析,并以该模型为视角分别从个体层面、家庭层面、学校层面、社区层面和政策层面对青少年体育锻炼行为的影响因素进行分析,寻求各影响因素之间的相互联系,提出相应的干预策略,并通过有效的途径推动青少年体育锻炼习惯的养成。研究结果表明:体育参与动力、体质健康保障是青少年产生体育锻炼行为及锻炼坚持性的重要因素;家庭健康意识和经济及教育环境、体育教师专业素质和学校锻炼环境、社区的设施保障、价值观和群体影响力等因素影响青少年体育锻炼行为变化发展的方向;体育行政执行和政策资源保障因素是青少年体育锻炼行为的巨大推动力量。

In order to understand the related factors of adolescents＇ physical exercise behavior, this paper used question- naires, interviews and other research methods to analyze the ecology model of health behavior. In addition, based on the model, this paper also analyzed the related factors from the perspective of individual, family, school, community and poli- cy, explored the interaction between the various factors, put forward the corresponding intervention strategies, and promoted the formation of adolescents＇ physical exercise habits. The results show that the motivation of sports participation and the health protection of physical fitness are the most important for the adolescents to exercise and persist in exercise. Besides, family health awareness, economic condition, education environment, PE teachers＇ professional quality, exercise environ- ment of school, community exercise facilities, sense of worth and group influence, etc. , all these factors influence the devel- opment trend of adolescents＇ physical exercise behavior. Sports administrative execution and policy resources guarantee factors are the driving force of adolescents＇ physical exercise behavior.