不同恢复手段对青年男子篮球运动员高强度间歇训练时运动能力和能量代谢的影响

Effects of Distinct Recovery Methods on Exercise Performance and Energy Metabolism in High Intensity Interval Training of Young Male Basketball Athletes

目的:探讨间歇期不同恢复手段对青年男子篮球运动员高强度间歇训练(HIT)时运动能力以及有氧、无氧代谢供能的影响,为科学制定训练计划提供依据。方法:20名青年男子篮球运动员自愿参加本实验。受试者先利用递增负荷实验测定最大摄氧量(maximal oxygen uptake,VO2max)和最大功率输出(maximal power output,Wmax),择日进行3次HIT(以110%Wmax强度蹬车至力竭,间歇5 min,重复4组),间歇期对应3种不同的恢复方式,即以20%VO2max对应的功率继续蹬车(即积极性恢复,HITA)、下肢牵张运动(HITS)以及在功率车上安静休息(即消极性恢复,HITP)。实验过程中分别测定做功量、力竭时间、VO2、VO2动力学、氧亏积累(AOD),以及血乳酸含量([La])。结果:与HITS和HITP比较,HITA做功量、峰值摄氧量(VO2peak)、平均摄氧量(VO2mean)和总摄氧量(VO2total)升高(P<0.05),VO2动力学时间常数(TC)降低(P<0.05);力竭时间、AOD和血[La]在HITA、HITS和HITP间均无显著性差异(P>0.05);HITS与HITP比较上述各指标均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:HIT间歇期进行积极性恢复对于运动能力的效果优于消极性恢复以及牵伸运动,其机制可能与积极性恢复时有氧代谢能量输出增加有关,VO2动力学加快和氧利用率提高是有氧供能增加的原因之一。

Objective ： The aim of this study was to determine the influence of distinct recovery methods during the recovery period on the aerobic and anaerobic energy yield, as well as on performance, during high-intensity interval training （HIT） of young male basketball athletes in order to provide evidence for institute training protocol scientifically. Methods：Twenty young male basketball athletes were willing to participate this experiment. Firstly maximal oxygen uptake （VO2max） and maximal power output （ Wmax ） of the subjects were determined by graded exercise tests. On subsequent days they per- formed three different HITs （each HIT consisted of four cycling bouts until exhaustion at 110% Wm~ and recovery time was 5 min） and HITs differed in the kind of activity performed during the recovery periods ：pedaling at 20% VO2max （active recovery, HITA）, stretching exercises （ HITS ）, or maintained rest （ passive recovery, HITP）. Work performance, exhaus- tion time, VO2, VOz kinetics, accumulated 02 deficit （AOD） and blood lactic acid content （ [ La ] ） were measured respec- tively during the experiment. Results ： Compared with HITS and HITP, work performance, peak VO2 （ VO2peak ）, mean VO2 （ VO2 ） and total VO2 （ VO2total ） were increased while time constant （TC） of VO2 kinetics were decreased in HITA （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. Exhaustion time, AOD and blood E La] in all recovery methods had no significant difference （P 〉 0. 05 ）. Param- eters above had no significant difference between HITS and HITP （ P 〉 0.05 ）. Conclusion： Active recovery facilitates per- formance better than stretching exercise and passive recovery by increasing aerobic contribution to the whole energy yield turnover during intermission of high-intensity interval training, while the greater contribution of aerobic metabolism to the energy yield was due to faster VO2 kinetics and greater O2 utilization.