Correspondence between the ENSO-like state and glacial- interglacial condition during the past 360 kyr

In the warming world, tropical Pacific sea surface temperature （SST） variation has received considerable attention because of its enormous influence on global climate change, particularly the El Nino-Southern Oscillation process. Here, we provide new high-resolution proxy records of the magnesium/ calcium ratio and the oxygen isotope in foraminifera from a core on the Ontong-Java Plateau to reconstruct the SST and hydrological variation in the center of the Western Pacific Warm Pool （WPWP） over the last 360 000 years. In comparison with other Mg/Ca-derived SST and δ18O records, the results suggested that in a relatively stable condition, e.g., the last glacial maximum （LGM） and other glacial periods, the tropical Pacific would adopt a La Nifia-like state, and the Walker and Hadley cycles would be synchronously enhanced. Conversely, El Nino-like conditions could have occurred in the tropical Pacific during fast- changing periods, e.g., the termination and rapidly cooling stages of interglacial periods. In the light of the sensitivity of the Eastern Pacific Cold Tongue （EPCT） and the inertia of the WPWP, we hypothesize an inter-restricted relationship between the WPWP and EPCT, which could control the zonal gradient variation of SST and affect climate change.

In the warming world,tropical Pacifi c sea surface temperature(SST)variation has received considerable attention because of its enormous infl uence on global climate change,particularly the El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation process.Here,we provide new high-resolution proxy records of the magnesium/calcium ratio and the oxygen isotope in foraminifera from a core on the Ontong-Java Plateau to reconstruct the SST and hydrological variation in the center of the Western Pacifi c Warm Pool(WPWP)over the last360000 years.In comparison with other Mg/Ca-derived SST and δ^(18)O records,the results suggested that in a relatively stable condition,e.g.,the last glacial maximum(LGM)and other glacial periods,the tropical Pacifi c would adopt a La Ni?a-like state,and the Walker and Hadley cycles would be synchronously enhanced.Conversely,El Ni?o-like conditions could have occurred in the tropical Pacifi c during fastchanging periods,e.g.,the termination and rapidly cooling stages of interglacial periods.In the light of the sensitivity of the Eastern Pacifi c Cold Tongue(EPCT)and the inertia of the WPWP,we hypothesize an inter-restricted relationship between the WPWP and EPCT,which could control the zonal gradient variation of SST and aff ect climate change.